[Steve]

The Sun, the Earth and the Moon -

The Moon is 400 times smaller than the Sun, and at a solar eclipse it is 400 times closer to Earth.
This makes the Moon appear from Earth to be the same size as the Sun during a total eclipse.

The Sun is at its lowest and weakest in mid-winter when the Moon is at its highest and brightest.
The reverse happens in mid-summer. They set at the same point on the horizon at the equinoxes and at the opposite point at the solstices.

Earth rotates 366.259 times during one orbit of the Sun. The polar circumference of the Earth is 366.175 times bigger than that of the Moon. The polar circumference of the Moon is 27.31 per cent the size of Earth and the Moon makes 27.396 turns per orbit of the Earth.

Multiply the circumference of the Moon by that of Earth and you get 436,669 kilometres. If this number is divided by 100 it becomes 436,669 kilometres – the circumference of the Sun correct to 99.9 percent.

Divide the circumference of the Sun by that of the Moon and multiply by 100, and you get the circumference of the Earth.
Divide the size of the Sun by the size of the Earth and multiply by 100 and you get the size of the Moon.