You’re probably all aware that much of the "alt-media" is actually owned by the mainstream, and used to reveal a bit of information, but misdirect people from more important information. Determining who is owned and who is independent is often difficult. 

If we set those aside and deal with any alt-media who start out wanting to be honest, there’s still going to be problems, as far as I can see. Once someone has a sizeable following, the Powers That Be are going to become aware of them. They’re going to want to either buy or stifle them, as uncontrolled media is dangerous to them.

Let’s assume again that an alt-media person gains a good following and refuses to be bought. Obviously the PTB have a variety of tools to mess with them, such as smearing them in the MSM. But if they’re becoming a serious problem and it’s considered likely they may reveal highly secret information,  I would imagine that more direct action would be taken, such as threatening them if they don’t keep a lid on it.

I’d be interested in everyone's opinion on this. It seems unlikely to me that any big alt-media is going to get away with saying whatever they like. So what can they do once they are threatened, assuming I’m correct in that assumption? It seems to me they have two options. They carry on regardless, and could then be subject to action being taken up to and including them having an "accident"; or else they agree not to reveal certain things, to be able to safely get the truth out about some things, at least.

It’s easy for someone to say that they’d ignore such threats. But anyone familiar with the PTB knows you would be risking it all. My very rough conclusion is therefor that any sizeable alt-media is likely to be under orders, even if they aren’t actually owned. I don’t know how else things could be.

Does anyone have ideas about any alt-media who they think are uncensored entirely, and if so, how are they managing it?

Many thanks for reading!

Hi guys

I’m sure you're all aware of the agenda to roll out 5G. It hasn’t hit my area yet, but it won’t be long. I’ve been trying to do what I can to stop it, but I’ve not got far. My local councillor seems to have no idea what I’m talking about, and claims to have no say or responsibility in the matter. My MP gave me a carefully worded letter of plausible deniability, while refusing to address my concerns.

Are there any groups in the area? Or anyone here who lives in Kent? I’m trying to figure out what can be done. According to Max Igan there was some recent success in an area of America, where they made the relevant officials aware that they could be held liable for "assault", after knowingly signing off on unleashing this untested equipment. I feel that’s the kind of approach that’s going to work. 

Any general tips are welcome too. Thanks for reading!

The Epstein case is Exploding ...

https://youtu.be/Zu6wK-2QRXI



What is Nicole Junkerman’s connection to Jeffrey Epstein?

https://youtu.be/u6-JGC0VPlc

Following on from Richie's show today -


StopTheCrime.net NEW  
http://stopthecrime.net/wp/


Youtube Videos ...

https://www.youtube.com/user/NewStopTheCrime



Part 1 of 5 - Genocidal Documents ...


https://youtu.be/pQsoAjSHVUQ



Part 2 of 5


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuSPxx3Oa4Y



Part 3 of 5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6VrrEAND_0



Part 4 of 5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cPYNdXeWUm4



Part 5 of 5

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2Jxtx1Q7Cc

Futurist who predicted 9/11 and the GFC says there will be a ‘global crash by the end of next year’

A futurist who correctly foresaw 9/11 and the GFC has revealed his “craziest” prediction for the coming decade...



https://www.nexusnewsfeed.com/article/ge...-next-year

Vladimir Putin Exposes The New World Order ...

(videos)

http://www.whydontyoutrythis.com/2014/08...order.html



Chemtrails ....

https://www.social-consciousness.com/201...rofit.html

Hi. 

I am a new user to this forum - be gentle!

I have not used forums for a long time, generally due to the abuse that seems to come with forum usage.

Long story short - at the beginning of last month I contacted 3 people in the alternate media via email, Richie Allen being one of those people.  I had set up a standing order to Richie in the 1st week of June and had emailed him to request that he confirm the donation had been set up properly and that he was receiving them.

I received a reply to the initial email from Richie, which required further communication as it involved other information he requested from me.  I have since sent 7 emails to Richie since last month and have yet to receive a reply to any of them. I even set up a new email account and sent a message from there as well - still no reply, from any of the people in question.

This would not have made me so paranoid had the very same thing not occurred with the other people I sent emails to.  Initially I thought it was a case of these particular people being busy but now I am beginning to think it is something a LOT more sinister for reasons I may go into later. I have even suspected google of maybe tampering with and blocking my email communications, and still do to a certain extent.

Is anyone else having similar problems? Can any one suggest any help? Is Richie blocking or ignoring my emails for some reason, or simply not receiving them? This is becoming seriously frustrating to the point of paranoia and neuroses.

Any suggestions? Thanks.

I just wanted to share a few comments about the discussion with Kevin Barrett and his presentation of Islam.
I would like, if I can, to make some arguments for the case that God is not religious and that many of today’s religions are man- made. I often cringe when I hear the things I believe in, being called religious. If every morning when you get up, you choose to wash your face before you have breakfast and you repeat this same pattern every morning, you are being religious but that has nothing to do with God, it’s just about you personally.  The several learned Islamic people that I have had discussions with are at pains to stress, that not all Muslims have the same interpretation of the Quran. Yet they seem to want to put all Christians in the same basket. Christian is not the same as Christianity either. A Christian means, anointed one and a Follower of Christ, The word Christianity is often the man made interpretation of the words of God. Islam mentions Jesus by the name Esa, which means saviour. They acknowledge that Jesus was and is the sinless one and that he is in Heaven.  Their teachings also believe that he will return to earth and defeat the Anti-Christ, their slant on this story though is that, he will lead a Muslim army on behalf of God to destroy the Christian Churches and the Jewish Synagogues and all other beliefs. They don’t believe that Jesus is the son of God either; their belief is that he was just another prophet. Islam also teaches that Moses, Abraham and Adam and other key Biblical figures, are now part of Islam. Mohammad they say is Gods true prophet, who they acknowledge was a sinner, when the angel Gabriel appeared to him and told him to teach the ‘true Religion’.  The Bible on the other hand says the last prophet was John the Baptist, whose Job was to baptize and herald the son of God Jesus, who was also to be the sacrificial Lamb of God. An angel did appear to Mary and afterwards Joseph, to explain Jesus birth, but after Jesus death and resurrection it was Jesus himself who appeared to Paul the apostle on the road to Damascus, and later to the Disciple John on the island of Patmos, to give him the all-important book of revelation, why send an angel when you can do it yourself.

Many religions begin, with a so called revelation of enlightenment, which is often contrary to ancient teachings. Much of this goes back to the Garden of Eden, where Adam (Man) and Eve (the mother of all living), were formed and placed in a paradise situation with unlimited access to their creator. Adam and Eve were not the only people on earth at that time, as all the eco systems and diverse peoples and animals already covered every land mass on the planet, as per the creation account in Genesis Chapter 1. The Adam and Eve story begins in Chapter 2 when they become all Mankind’s representatives in Eden. God told them that they had access to everything they could see, except the fruit of one particular tree, which would begin the death process if they ate it. On the other hand if they obeyed Gods words, they would live forever. Adam was also given the job of naming the gardens animals and tending the garden. Then along comes an Arc - angel named Lucifer, His first statement was did God say,’ if you eat of that tree you will die’, his reply to Eve’s answer was, ‘you will not surely  die, in that day your eyes will be opened and you will be as gods, knowing good and evil’. The statement your eyes will be opened, is another way of saying, you shall have this knew enlightenment and become as gods, a kind of illuminate, if you listen to Satan’s translation of what God had said. Sadly for Adam and Eve they were cast out of God’s presence and eventually died because they believed Satan’s account, over Gods actual words. The story didn’t end there as we know because of Adam and Eve’s choice its way easier to grow weeds, than plants because of the curse placed on the ground, and life is toil. Sadly we also inherit the same curse of death via Adam. God said to the devil though, that at the appointed time, someone born of a woman (Eve) would come and reverse the curse but he would pay with his life. Mary at the time of Jesus birth was a virgin (not afterwards, as Jesus had half brothers and sisters) but she was still under the curse passed down from Eve, another name for Jesus was Emanuel which means’ God with us’, so the upshot of this is that God who is a Spirit, took on the form of a man and was also born under the curse, to ransom his creation by his death. The teachings of Islam and many so called Christian religions have trouble with this particular concept. The Bible has an analogy of this principle when it talks about a Will, a legal document, by which you could make an agreement, to leave your inheritance to you children. Another name for a will is a testament. Thus the Old Testament speaks of a promised inheritance whereas the New Testament delivers the promises, to all humanity because of the death of the parent, Jesus. To show us all an example, Jesus was baptized by full emersion (not sprinkled or christened) at an age of understanding and the Holy Ghost came down like a dove and a voice from heaven said ‘this is my son in whom I am well pleased’ ( a type of speaking in tongues). This same pattern happened to me at the age of 32.
The common argument, I often hear is, why did God require his creation to do these things and then people go on to justify why they don’t believe in it. My short answer is because he can and I don’t make the rules, I only try to expound their meaning. Likewise if as the adversary, it was your job to deceive, you would flood the world with a multitude of religions and beliefs that most people would find too confusing and give up looking for answers. Arlo Guthrie said you can get whatever you want at Alice’s restaurant, that’s a fitting description of today’s world. In conclusion many people take out an insurance policy on their house and on their life, in the hope that nothing will happen. It’s far easier to argue a case if you have a policy, than if you don’t. I find it funny how people who don’t believe in God or hell, get the most upset when someone says that they are going there. The smart thing would be to do what God said, by way of an insurance policy, in the event that it is true. How do we know its God? The short answer is there will be signs and miracles, this I can bear witness  of personally.

Here is someone I have been following since his beginning, he has always given a fair alternative to current afairs and many times has hit the nail on the head for me, Richard D Hall.

https://www.richplanet.net/richp_genre.p...t=2&gen=99

One of the most important families – Bronfman – you’ve probably never even heard of.
The Bronfmans are associated with just about anybody that matters in government, finance, media and entertainment; in the US, Canada and Israel.


Seagram bootlegging – John McCain
Edgar Bronfman Jr. was the chairman of Warner Music Group.
Charles Bronfman is the owner of Seagram liquor, net worth $2 billion.

John McCain’s political career was also an offshoot of the bootlegging and rackets empire of the Bronfman dynasty of Canada.
McCain's father-in-law, Jim Hensley, got his start as a henchman of Kemper Marley who, for some 40 years until his death in 1990, was the undisputed behind-the-scenes political boss of Arizona. Marley was a protégé of Meyer Lansky's long-time lieutenant, Gus Greenbaum. It was really Jim Hensley that made McCain successful in politics.

Sam Bronfman, founder of the Seagram liquor empire, was an early partner of Meyer Lansky.
In 1947, Greenbaum took command of Lansky's Las Vegas interests after Lansky had his long-time friend, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, executed for skimming profits from the new Flamingo Casino.
In 1948, Greenbaum and his wife were murdered by having their throats cut.

In 1948, some 52 of Marley's employees (including Jim and his brother Eugene Hensley) went to jail on federal liquor violations - but not Marley.
Jim Hensley also tried his hand on dog racing and sold his dog racing track to an individual connected to the Buffalo-based Jacobs family. The Jacobs were the leading distributors for Bronfman liquor into the US during Prohibition into the hands of local gangs of the Lansky syndicate.

In 1976, Phoenix reporter Don Bolles was murdered by a car-bomb after writing stories on the organised crime connections of well-known figures in Arizona, including Jim Hensley: http://www.libertylobby.org/election2000...sters.html
(archived here: http://archive.is/SQU71)

More details on James “Jim” Hensley and his older brother Eugene can be found in the following story.
The Hensley brothers were partners with a powerful Phoenix businessman named Kemper Marley, who had cornered a large share of Arizona's wholesale liquor business after Prohibition was lifted in 1933.
The Hensleys and Marley continued their partnerships by creating 2 corporations in 1946 - United Sales Incorporated in Phoenix, and United Distributors Incorporated in Tucson. At that time, Eugene Hensley was president of both companies, while James Hensley served as secretary. Kemper Marley was vice president of these companies.

According to a federal criminal indictment from 1945 to 1947, the Hensleys made approximately 1,284 false entries for the sale of thousands of cases of liquor by their two companies - United Sales Company in Phoenix and United Distributors in Tucson.
Joseph F. Ratliff testified that Jim Hensley falsified invoices.
Jack Baldwin, salesman and supervisor at United Sales, testified that Eugene Hensley regularly instructed him to draw up false invoices, transfer scores of cases of liquor offsite and deliver premium whiskeys to selected black-market clients.

In 1948, Jim Hensley was sentenced to 6 months in jail and his brother Eugene to one year. After 2 weeks in Maricopa County jail, they were released on bond on 17 May 1948, pending an appeal. The appeals court affirmed the conviction on 8 February 1949.
Eugene was again sentenced to 1 year in a federal prison camp near Tucson, but Jim’s sentence was suspended, and he was placed on probation instead. They were also fined $2,000. United Sales and United Distributors were also fined $2,000.

In 1953, Jim Hensley was again charged with federal liquor crimes. This time, the government accused Jim and others of United Liquor Company and United Liquor Supply Company of falsifying records to evade taxes. A jury acquitted the 2 companies and its employees on all 11 counts.

In 1952, Jim and his brother Eugene Hensley purchased the Ruidoso Racing Association in New Mexico. The New Mexico Racing Commission was concerned about the Hensley brothers' ties to Phoenix gambler Clarence E. "Teak" Baldwin.
The Hensleys denied that Baldwin had an interest in the track, but records indicated that Baldwin had a one-third stock interest in the track.

In 1963, Eugene Hensley was sued by minority partners for $415,000. They accused him of using track money to improve his Scottsdale home, build a guest house for his personal use, and used the track's airplane for personal pleasure. The lawsuit was settled after Eugene Hensley agreed to return 1,000 shares of Ruidoso Racing Association stock that was worth $350,000.
In 1966, Eugene Hensley was again accused of tax evasion. He was convicted in a trial that showed he had used track money to buy several cars and given them to his wife and a girlfriend. In 1969, Eugene Hensley entered a federal prison in Texas.
In 1969, Eugene Hensley sold his remaining interest in the track to NewCo Industries Incorporated, which immediately signed a 20-year concession contract with Emprise Corporation of Buffalo, New York.

On 2 June 1976, Don Bolles was fatally wounded by a car bomb. Before lapsing into a coma, Bolles uttered the words, "Adamson, Emprise, Mafia". He died 11 days later.
Adamson testified he was hired to kill Bolles by Max Dunlap, a close associate of Marley's, and that the bomb was detonated by James Robison. Marley had extended a $1 million loan to Dunlap, which wasn’t repaid.
Adamson served a 20-year prison sentence and has since been released. Dunlap was sentenced in 1994 to life in prison for first-degree murder.
Robison was first convicted, but his case was overturned on appeal and he was acquitted in a 1993 retrial: http://prorev.com/2008/08/mccain-story-m...d-you.html
(archived here: http://archive.is/OL9pB)

See John McCain meeting the husband of Sara Bronfman, Basit Igtet, in Benghazi, Syria, 2011.



Trudeau
Trudeau’s link to the Bronfman family aren’t mentioned nearly enough...

Justin Trudeau’s long-time friend is Stephen Bronfman, cousin of Clare and Sara Bronfman. Since 2013, Bronfman assisted Trudeau in his meteoric rise to Canadian Prime Minister as chief fundraiser and senior adviser.
See Stephen Bronfman (left) with his buddy Justin Trudeau, 28 Augustus 2013.


Bronfman runs the Montreal-based investment firm Claridge, to manage the vast wealth of the Seagram liquor empire, which became rich in the 1920s by supplying illicit alcohol to the US during the prohibition.
One of Claridge’s clients was the Cayman Islands-based trust of Leo Kolber, Stephen Bronfman’s godfather and chief fundraiser of the Liberal party. Kolber was a long-time friend of Pierre Trudeau, Justin’s father, who as PM appointed Kolber to the Canadian senate in 1983.

In November 2017, controversial news on Stephen Bronfman’s tax evasion schemes, involving millions of dollars to offshore havens, was published. Multimillion-dollars flowed between the US, Canada, Israel and the Cayman Islands.
Bronfman and Kolber really formed one intertwined syndicate. The loan arrangements were unusual. For example a contract tied to a Charles Bronfman loan in 1991 of almost $ 10 million said: “The loan shall bear interest at such rate as may be determined between the parties from time to time”.

After switching the debt from Claridge Israel, the Kolber trust paid the US-based Bronfman trusts about $40,000 in interest. A related email said:

Quote:As there was never supposed to be interest paid on this debt in substance (only in form), the [Kolber trust] needs to be compensated by the Bronfman trusts for these cash outlays, in some manner to be agreed upon by both parties.

One idea was to get Kolber to register the interest paid to Claridge as “a fee for services rendered, equal to the interest.
See a second email from May 2004, where the financial adviser details how the interest issue might be resolved, with the “intention to ‘make you whole’ somehow”.


A lawyer representing Jonathan Kolber and the Bronfmans denied improper activity: https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/no...ise-papers
(archived here: http://archive.is/PlSqe)

Leo Kolber once referred to himself as the Bronfman family's "consigliere".

The Bronfmans helped start the Kolber trust in 1991 with millions of dollars, including a $5.3 million loan in 1997. By then the trust had already collected almost $40 million. In total the Bronfman family and their US-based trusts loaned the Kolber Trust more than $34 million. All of it ended up in the no-tax Cayman Islands.
At least some of the loans were interest free, including a $4 million loan in 2002 from Claridge to the Kolber Trust. Interest-free loans are often used for money laundering and/or tax evasion schemes...

Huge amounts were transferred from the Kolber Trust to Leo’s children.
In 2007, $3 million was wired to Jonathan Kolber for "living expenses" and to purchase a Manhattan apartment. In total, he received $16.5 million tax-free from the trust.
Lynne Kolber received $1.2 million, but got into tax problems. In 2007, Lynne “forgot” to declare $1.27 million from the trust for the previous decade, for which she had to pay back taxes.
The trust managers devised a plan so she could get funds tax-free, by “gifts” from her brother Jonathan. In the US, gifts between family members are tax-free.

In 2014, Israel tightened its offshore trust laws, and in 2016 the Kolber Trust was dissolved: https://www.cbc.ca/news/business/stephen...-1.4382511
(archived here: http://archive.is/i5dfF)


Bush, Munk
More interesting links from the Bronfman family to:
- Peter Munk - Nat Rothschild’s and Oleg Deripaska’s business partner.
- George H.W. Bush – former US President and CIA director.
- Adnan Khashoggi – arms dealer, amongst others to Ayatollah Khomeini’s Iran in the 1980s.

The late Peter Munk was the chairman of both Barrick Gold Corp and Trizec. Munk was a close friend of the Bronfmans, who owned Trizec. Trizec is a real estate conglomerate that owns a large share of Barrick.
Peter Munk was a regular skiing partner of Crown Prince Charles. Munk was a member of the "1001 Club" founded by Prince Philip of Britain and Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands.
Munk and Barrick director Andrew Sarlos are close associates of Rothschild agent George Soros, a personal investment director to Queen Elizabeth.

George Bush Sr. was Barrick Gold’s chief lobbyist, stockholder in Barrick, and honorary senior adviser to Barrick's international advisory board.
Brian Mulroney, was George Bush's errand boy, Canadian PM (1984-93) and also on Barrick’s international advisory board.

In 1974, Munk signed an investment partnership agreement with the late Saudi arms-trafficking billionaire Adnan Khashoggi.
Khashoggi was one of the main funders of Barrick Gold Corp.: https://www.larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1..._and_b.pdf


Khashoggi, Manafort
Mohamed al-Fayed worked for Khashoggi and married Adnan's sister, Samira Khashoggi, Dodi’s mother.
Adnan Khashoggi was once arrested for helping Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos with embezzling money: https://www.independent.co.uk/News/obitu...76776.html

Bronfman’s and Oliver North’s Saudi partner in crime, Adnan Khashoggi, has been involved in a bunch of scandals. There are stories about: Iran-Contra, money laundering for Ferdinand Marcos and 9/11.
Khashoggi’s second wife, the Italian Laura Biancolini, was only 17 when they met.

Much of Adnan Khashoggi’s fortune, once estimated at $4 billion (he was once described as the “richest man in the world”), came from selling arms.
He received huge commissions (as high as 15%) from Lockheed Martin (from the US), the British firms Marconi and Westland Helicopters.
Khashoggi earned $184 million on $4.2 billion worth of F-5 fighter planes from Northrop to Saudi Arabia in 1970. Northrop also admitted it paid $450,000 to two Saudi generals at Khashoggi`s suggestion. Khashoggi had close ties to the Saudi royal family and also arranged billions of dollars worth of arms from Lockheed. Lockheed and Northrop also paid huge commissions to Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands…
Some of Khashoggi’s commissions were probably laundered through front companies in Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

In the 1960s, Khashoggi became friends with Richard Nixon (him again…) and funded his US Presidential election campaigns.
In 1994, Khashoggi accused his rival Wafic Said of securing an arms deal for Britain by using Mark Thatcher and then PM Margaret Thatcher. Mark Thatcher denied that he received $18 million in kickbacks.
In March 2003, the New Yorker reported that Khashoggi met Richard Perle shortly before the invasion of Iraq started.

Khashoggi was wanted by the US government for helping former dictator of the Philippines, Ferdinand Marcos, hide his wealth.
Khashoggi helped Marcos conceal his ownership of several Manhattan skyscrapers. He was accused of helping Marcos and wife Imelda, concealing $103 million of looted Philippine tax money and defrauding $165 million from US banks: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_...78031.html
(archived here: http://archive.is/N4wh4)

Trump’s former campaign chairman, Paul Manafort, was also in business with Filipino dictator Ferdinand Marcos.

There is an even closer connection between Manafort and Khashoggi through his representative in Spain - Abdul Rahman Al Assir from Lebanon. Al Assir was once brother-in-law of Adnan Khashoggi. He arranged big weapons sales to African armies.
The London-based Sourakia once wrote:

Quote:The miracle of Al Assir is that he will have lunch with Don Juan Carlos [king of Spain], dinner with Hassan II [king of Morocco], and breakfast the next day with Felipe González [prime minister of Spain].

In the late 1980s, Manafort became friends with Al Assir. In 1989, Manafort took Al Assir as his guest to George H.W. Bush’s inauguration.
In the ’90s, Manafort and Al Assir were putting together big deals. Including an arms sale from France to Pakistan, that involved bribes and kickbacks to high-level officials in both countries. Manafort and Al Assir were not only business partners but even “very brotherly”. Manafort became the godfather of Al Assir’s child. They went on a holiday together near Cannes.

In 2003, Manafort’s partner Rick Davis was invited to a meeting in Manhattan with Nathaniel “Nat” Philip Victor James Rothschild, heir apparent to the Rothschild trillions: https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/arc...er/550925/
(archived here: http://archive.is/xZp9Z)

Adnan Khashoggi was also one of the financial backers of the jazz movie “The Cotton Club” (1984).
Robert Evans was the film's producer, who hired Francis Ford Coppola as director for the film.

Robert Evans has been married 7 times, including to Camilla Sparv (1964-1967) and Catherine Oxenberg (for 1 ½ weeks in 1998).
Camilla Sparv’s third husband is one Fred Kolber (I haven’t found any information on him and don’t know if he’s related to Leo…).
Catherine Oxenberg is best known for her role of Amanda Carrington in Dynasty, but in this context it’s more important that she has complained that her daughter is a mind-controlled slave of the NXIVM cult.

In 1980, Robert Evans was convicted of cocaine trafficking (with his brother Charles): https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Robert_Evans

Donald Trump once boasted about buying the “greatest yacht in the world” from Adnan Khashoggi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuWMH5TD5bE


Deutsche Bank
In 2001, it was reported that Irene Marcos Araneta, daughter of the late dictator Ferdinand Marcos (he died before his trial was finished), tried to move her family's wealth - including at least $13.2 billion at the Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) - into a newly opened account at Deutsche Bank: http://edition.cnn.com/2001/WORLD/asiapc...rcos.loot/

Again the Deutsche Bank…
In 1997, Mayo Shattuck was made trustee of the Bronfman’s Seagram Company, Ltd.
In 1997, Shattuck helped engineer the $1.7 billion merger of Alex. Brown and Sons and Bankers Trust. Two years later, the company was acquired by Deutsche Bank, and Shattuck served as head of Investment Banking and Private Banking and chairman of Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown.
After the 9/11 options fraud through Deutsche Bank Alex. Brown, Shattuck resigned on 12 September 2001: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayo_A._Shattuck_III